Writing in language learning
1. Definition of writing
Writing as one
of four language skills is considered a difficult skill because the researcher should fulfill some aspects in writing such as
content, organization, purpose,
vocabulary, punctuation,and
spelling in a balance way. According to
Richard Kern (2000, p172)“Writing
is functional communication; making
learners possible to create imagine worlds of their own design”. It
means that through writing,
learners can express
thought, feeling, ideas,
experiences, etc to
convey a specific
purpose. Harmer states
that “writing is a way to produce
language and express idea, feeling and opinion”. According to Alan Mayer (2005)
“Writing is speaking
to others on
paper or on
computer screen”. Writing is also
an action, a
process of discovering and organizing your ideas,
putting them on paper, and reshaping and
revising them.
2. General Concept of Writing
Writing is a combination of process and product. The process refers to
the act of gathering ideas and working with them until they are presented in a
manner that is polished and comprehensible to readers. The young learners like
to know that writing is done in steps which are as important as the steps
necessary to cook something such as chicken or eggs.
According to Kern, writing is different from reading. Writing involves
designing texts to construct a potentiality for that realized discourse, while
reading involves creating discourse from texts, although the both writing and
reading involve the use of available designs as resource in dialogic
negotiation between internal and external representation of meaning. Available
designs has been intended in here are for example the residual voice and
language forms we have internalized, our knowledge of rethoric and stylistic
device, genres, formatting convention, and so on.
Writing is a process of creating, organizing, writing and polishing. In
the first step of the process, you create ideas. In the second step, you
organize the ideas, in the third step, you write a rough draft, in the final
step, you polish your rough draft by editing it and making revisions.
3. Requirement of good writing
Before we write
an interesting text and good paragraph,
we should know what a paragraph is. According
to Mayer a paragraph is
a group of
sentences that discuss
a smaller idea. Furthermore, paragraph
like an essay,
it generally contains
an introduction, a body, and a
conclusion. Alan Meyers, Gateways to Academic Writing: Effective Sentences,
Paragraphs, and Essays, p, 13.
In writing
a good paragraph,
we should concern
to two things.
They are:
a.
Unity
/ Cohesion
b.
Coherence
c.
Completeness
4. Writing ability
5. Teaching writing in school
6. Kind of text type
1. Definition of descriptive text
Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like.
Description is used in all form of writing to create a vivid impression of a
person, place, object or event. The writer usually use descriptive writing to
create particular mood, atmosphere, or describe a place so that the reader can
create vivid pictures of characters, places, objects, etc.
Descriptive text is a piece of text that describes a particular person,
place, or thing. While Boardman and Jia state that descriptive text is a kind
of text that is used to describe what something looks like.20 Another
definition about descriptive text is based on Gerot and Wignell, it is stated
that descriptive is a kind of text which is aimed to describe a particular
person, place, or thing.
2. Characteristic of descriptive text
3. Language feature of descriptive text
4. Type of descriptive text
5. Example of descriptive text
Module
1. Definition of module
According to Aristo Rahadi (2010) Module is a unit of learning materials designed specifically so
that it can be studied by learners independently.
It is a
complete learning program, arranged systematically, referring to the learning
objectives are clear and measurable.
Module contains learning objectives,
materials and activities to achieve the goals and means of evaluation of the
achievement of learning objectives. It
uses as learning materials.
2. Advantages and disadvantages of Module
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